Đề ôn thiĐề thi vào lớp 10 Hà Nội môn Tiếng Anh- Mã đề HN-107

Capturing the World: How Cameras Work

Have you ever wondered how a camera can capture a moment in time? It seems almost magical, but the process relies on (21) __________ basic principles of light and optics. (22) __________ a photo, a camera lens focuses light onto a light-sensitive surface, traditionally film but now often a digital sensor. This surface records the pattern of light and shadow, (23) __________ creates an image.

(24) __________ the image is captured, it can be viewed immediately on a screen or stored on a memory card for later access. (25) __________ share these captured moments, you can print the photos, post them online, or even create a slideshow with music. It's amazing to think that (26) __________ a complex process can be achieved with a device we often take for granted!

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, are rapidly approaching widespread use. While promising numerous benefits, they also raise significant concerns. This passage focuses on the potential impact of self-driving cars on traffic congestion.

Proponents argue that self-driving cars could significantly reduce traffic jams. These vehicles are programmed to drive efficiently, maintaining a constant speed and safe distance from other cars. This smooth flow of traffic, unlike the unpredictable nature of human drivers, could lead to less congestion, particularly during rush hour.

Furthermore, self-driving cars could optimize road usage. Equipped with advanced sensors and GPS technology, these vehicles can communicate with each other and infrastructure, choosing the fastest routes and avoiding congested areas. This intelligent routing system could contribute to a more even distribution of vehicles across the road network.

However, some experts express skepticism about the impact on traffic volume. They argue that the convenience and affordability of self-driving cars might encourage people to choose personal vehicles over public transport. This potential increase in the number of cars on the road could counteract the benefits of efficient driving and ultimately worsen traffic conditions.

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 marked the official end of World War I. However, it also ignited (37) __________ among the defeated nations, particularly in Germany. Many Germans felt humiliated by the treaty's harsh terms, which included territorial losses, disarmament, and heavy reparations payments.

(38) __________. They argued that Germany was not solely responsible for the war and that the treaty's economic burdens would cripple their nation for generations. This perspective fueled resentment and instability within Germany.

On the other hand, the victorious Allied powers viewed the treaty as a necessary measure to ensure lasting peace and security. They argued that Germany's aggression had been the primary cause of the war and that (39) __________.

Understanding these contrasting perspectives is crucial to comprehending the complex historical forces that shaped the interwar period and ultimately contributed to the outbreak of World War II. (40) __________, while others defended it as a justified response to German aggression. The treaty remains a subject of debate among historians to this day.

A. Some historians criticize the treaty for its severity

B. strict penalties were necessary to prevent future conflict

C. German nationalists vehemently opposed the treaty.

D. a wave of resentment