Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-89

Blockchain technology, often associated with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, extends its reach far beyond the realm of digital currencies. (18) __________. (19) __________, where each transaction is recorded and verified by multiple parties. This decentralized nature ensures transparency and security, as any attempt to alter the data on one copy would be immediately visible to all other participants.

While financial applications initially propelled blockchain into the spotlight, its potential stretches across diverse sectors. Supply chain management is one such area where blockchain can revolutionize traditional practices. (20) __________. Consumers could potentially verify the authenticity and ethical sourcing of products, while businesses benefit from streamlined logistics and reduced fraud.

Furthermore, blockchain can empower digital identity management, enabling individuals to securely store and control their personal information. Imagine a future where cumbersome paperwork and bureaucratic processes are replaced by a single, tamper-proof digital identity stored on a blockchain. (21) __________, could streamline everything from opening a bank account to voting in elections.

(22) __________. While challenges remain in terms of scalability and regulation, the transformative power of this technology is undeniable. From revolutionizing supply chains to empowering individuals, blockchain is poised to reshape our digital world in profound ways.

The fight for women's suffrage was a global phenomenon, spanning continents and ideologies. While often associated with the early 20th century, the movement's roots reach back much further. In 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft published her groundbreaking work, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," advocating for women's equal access to education and political participation. This ignited a spark that would eventually grow into a powerful global force for change.

The struggle for the right to vote was rarely straightforward. Many suffragists faced fierce opposition from those who believed women should not participate in politics. They were met with ridicule, imprisonment, and even violence. For instance, in Great Britain, Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters led the Women's Social and Political Union, employing radical tactics like window-smashing and hunger strikes to draw attention to their cause. Their efforts, along with the contributions of countless others, eventually led to significant legal victories.

New Zealand became the first self-governing country to grant women full voting rights in 1893. Other nations followed suit, with Finland granting suffrage in 1906 and Norway in 1913. The United States witnessed its own hard-fought victory in 1920 with the passage of the 19th Amendment. However, it's important to note that even within countries, access to the ballot box was often unequal, with women of color and those from marginalized communities frequently facing additional barriers.

Despite its complexities and ongoing challenges, the women's suffrage movement remains a powerful testament to the unwavering pursuit of equality. The sacrifices made and victories achieved continue to inspire generations to advocate for a more just and equitable world. The fight for full and equal participation in all aspects of society, a fight that continues to this day.

[I] Cartography, the science and art of mapmaking, has long been tied to world exploration. [II] These maps allowed them to piece together a more complete understanding of geography. [III] From the Mediterranean portolan charts that guided sailors to Ptolemy's world maps, early cartography sparked a desire to explore and expand the known world. [IV]

Ptolemy's work, though based on incomplete information, remained highly influential for over 1,400 years. It sparked the imagination of countless explorers, including Christopher Columbus, who used Ptolemy's estimations of the Earth's circumference when planning his voyage westward to the Indies. While Columbus's calculations were significantly off, leading to his accidental "discovery" of the Americas, his journey highlights the crucial role cartography played in shaping the course of exploration. Even flawed maps propelled explorers forward, inspiring them to test theories and challenge existing geographic knowledge.

The Age of Exploration, spanning from the 15th to the 17th centuries, witnessed a dramatic improvement in cartographic techniques. The invention of the printing press allowed for the wider dissemination of maps, while advancements in navigation, such as the astrolabe and the magnetic compass, facilitated more accurate long-distance voyages and, consequently, more precise mapmaking. Explorers like Ferdinand Magellan, whose circumnavigation of the globe confirmed the Earth's spherical shape, provided crucial data for cartographers, enabling them to create increasingly sophisticated and accurate representations of the world.

The symbiotic relationship between cartography and exploration continued well into the modern era. The mapping of the interior of Africa, the Arctic, and the Antarctic pushed the boundaries of human knowledge and relied heavily on the skills of both explorers and cartographers. Today, with the advent of satellite imagery and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), cartography has reached new heights of precision, yet the fundamental principle remains the same: maps continue to inspire exploration, whether it's charting the depths of the ocean or mapping the surface of Mars.