Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-65

Tsunamis, (18) __________, are among the most devastating natural disasters on Earth. (19) __________. When the seafloor abruptly deforms, it displaces a massive volume of water, generating a series of waves that travel outwards at speeds exceeding 500 miles per hour. In the deep ocean, these waves may be barely noticeable, but as they approach shallower coastal waters, their energy compresses, causing the waves to grow dramatically in height.

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, triggered by a magnitude 9.1 earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, tragically exemplifies the destructive power of these waves. (20) __________, the tsunami devastated coastal communities in 14 countries, claiming the lives of over 230,000 people and causing billions of dollars in damage. This event highlighted the importance of early warning systems and disaster preparedness in vulnerable regions.

While it is impossible to prevent tsunamis, their impact can be mitigated. Early warning systems, which utilize a network of buoys and sensors to detect seismic activity and changes in sea level, can provide crucial minutes or even hours of advance notice. (21) __________ potentially saving countless lives. Additionally, building codes in tsunami-prone areas often mandate specific structural reinforcements and elevation requirements for new construction, increasing their resilience to these powerful waves.

(22) __________. Understanding their causes and characteristics is essential for promoting safety and resilience in coastal communities worldwide. By investing in early warning systems, implementing sound building practices, and fostering a culture of preparedness, we can mitigate the devastating impacts of these awe-inspiring forces of nature.

The science of renewable resources is fundamentally interdisciplinary, drawing upon principles of biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and environmental science. Understanding how to harness and utilize resources like solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy requires a multifaceted approach. For example, designing efficient solar panels necessitates knowledge of semiconductor physics and material science, while optimizing wind turbine performance relies on principles of aerodynamics and fluid mechanics.

These diverse fields converge to address the critical challenge of meeting our energy needs sustainably. Renewable resources, unlike fossil fuels, replenish naturally over relatively short periods. This inherent renewability positions them as crucial players in mitigating climate change and reducing our reliance on finite resources. However, harnessing these resources effectively requires innovative technologies and infrastructure.

Consider solar energy. While the sun bathes the Earth in a tremendous amount of energy every day, capturing and converting this energy into usable electricity requires sophisticated photovoltaic cells. Similarly, wind energy relies on strategically placed turbines designed to maximize energy capture from prevailing wind patterns. The science behind these technologies is constantly evolving, leading to increased efficiency and cost-competitiveness of renewable energy sources.

Furthermore, the implementation of renewable resources requires careful consideration of ecological and societal impacts. For instance, while hydroelectric dams offer a significant source of renewable energy, responsible development necessitates minimizing disruption to aquatic ecosystems and respecting the rights of indigenous communities. Ultimately, the science of renewable resources emphasizes a holistic approach, balancing technological advancement with environmental stewardship and social equity.

Exploring moral and ethical dilemmas is crucial for personal growth and societal progress. [I] These dilemmas, often complex and nuanced, force us to wrestle with difficult choices where values clash. [II] Consider the classic "trolley problem," where an individual must decide whether to divert a runaway trolley onto a side track, saving five lives but sacrificing one. [III] Such dilemmas are not confined to thought experiments; they permeate our daily lives, from personal relationships to professional decisions, demanding careful consideration and critical thinking. [IV]

The study of ethics provides frameworks for navigating these challenging situations. It offers various ethical theories, each providing a different lens through which to examine moral quandaries. Virtue ethics, for instance, focuses on cultivating moral character traits, such as honesty and compassion, arguing that individuals with strong moral character are more likely to make ethical choices. Consequentialism, on the other hand, emphasizes the outcomes of actions, suggesting that the morally right action is the one that produces the best overall consequences. Exploring these diverse perspectives helps us understand the complexities of moral decision-making and develop a more nuanced approach to ethical challenges.

Contemporary society presents a myriad of real-world ethical dilemmas fueled by rapid technological advancements and globalization. The rise of artificial intelligence, for example, raises complex questions about algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the potential displacement of human workers. Similarly, the interconnectedness of the global economy forces us to confront ethical issues related to fair trade, environmental sustainability, and labor practices in developing countries. Addressing these challenges requires careful consideration of the potential consequences of our actions and a commitment to upholding ethical principles in a rapidly changing world.

Ultimately, engaging with moral and ethical dilemmas is not merely an academic exercise; it is a fundamental aspect of being human. By examining these dilemmas thoughtfully and critically, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves, our values, and our responsibilities to one another. This process of ethical reflection enables us to make more informed decisions, cultivate stronger moral character, and contribute to building a more just and equitable society.