Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-60

Globalization, a term often debated in classrooms and boardrooms, essentially refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the world. It encompasses the flow of goods, services, capital, people, information, and culture across national borders, leading to a complex web of interdependence. (18) __________, globalization has dramatically accelerated in recent decades. Consider, for instance, the internet, (19) __________.

(20) __________. Products we use daily, such as smartphones and clothing, are often the result of a complex network of production spanning multiple countries. A smartphone, for example, might be designed in California, its components manufactured in various Asian countries, and then assembled elsewhere before being shipped worldwide. This intricate process highlights the interconnected nature of our globalized world.

However, globalization is not without its critics. Concerns about income inequality, exploitation of labor in developing countries, and the homogenization of cultures are frequently raised. Critics argue that while globalization can bring economic benefits, (21) __________ leading to a widening gap between the rich and poor. Furthermore, the increased flow of goods and people across borders can contribute to environmental challenges, such as pollution and climate change.

(22) __________. Understanding its complexities, both positive and negative, is crucial for informed global citizenship. As we continue to navigate an increasingly interconnected world, addressing issues of sustainability, equity, and cultural understanding will be paramount in shaping a more just and prosperous future for all.

Philanthropy plays a vital role in global development, often filling gaps where traditional funding sources fall short. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from supporting local initiatives to funding large-scale international programs. For instance, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, one of the world's largest philanthropic organizations, has contributed billions to global health initiatives, including efforts to eradicate polio and combat infectious diseases. These contributions have significantly impacted millions of lives, particularly in low-income countries.

One key aspect of philanthropy is its ability to support innovation and risk-taking. Unlike government agencies or private investors, philanthropic organizations are often more willing to fund projects with uncertain outcomes but potentially transformative impacts. This allows them to support groundbreaking research, pilot innovative solutions to persistent challenges, and invest in communities often overlooked by traditional funding streams.

Moreover, philanthropy can act as a catalyst for social change by raising awareness about critical issues and mobilizing public support. By shining a spotlight on neglected problems like poverty, inequality, or climate change, philanthropic efforts can galvanize public discourse and inspire action from other stakeholders, including governments and the private sector. The Ice Bucket Challenge, a viral fundraising campaign for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, exemplifies this power, raising millions of dollars and significantly increasing global awareness of the disease.

Furthermore, effective philanthropy prioritizes collaboration and local ownership. By partnering with local organizations and communities, philanthropic endeavors can ensure that projects are culturally sensitive, contextually relevant, and sustainable in the long term. This collaborative approach, rooted in respect and mutual understanding, is essential for creating meaningful and lasting change.

[I] The future of space colonization presents a multitude of challenges that scientists and engineers are actively working to overcome. [II] Current rocket technology would take months or even years to reach potential colonization sites like Mars, meaning we need to come up with more efficient and faster methods of space travel. [III] Furthermore, the harsh environments of other planets, characterized by extreme temperatures, radiation, and a lack of breathable atmosphere, necessitate innovative solutions for habitat construction and resource utilization. [IV]

These environments present another major hurdle: the psychological impact of long-duration space travel and isolation on human crews. Extended periods in confined spaces, coupled with the stress of operating in hostile environments, can take a toll on mental well-being. This requires careful consideration of crew selection, training, and the development of countermeasures to mitigate psychological risks. Furthermore, the ethical considerations surrounding planetary protection and the potential impact of human activity on extraterrestrial ecosystems must be thoroughly addressed before embarking on large-scale colonization efforts.

The development of advanced, closed-loop agricultural systems is a cornerstone of any successful long-term space colonization endeavor. These state-of-the-art systems must be capable of producing a variety of nutritious crops in controlled environments, independent of Earth's resources. Research into hydroponics, aeroponics, and other soilless cultivation methods is crucial for ensuring food security in space colonies. In addition, the utilization of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies, which allow for the extraction and processing of resources directly from the target celestial body, will be essential for reducing reliance on Earth-based supplies and enabling self-sufficiency.

Ultimately, the successful colonization of space hinges on international cooperation and the pooling of resources and expertise. Collaborative projects, such as the International Space Station, have demonstrated the benefits of shared scientific endeavors and will likely serve as a model for future space colonization initiatives. While the path ahead is fraught with challenges, the potential rewards of expanding humanity's reach beyond Earth, including access to new resources, scientific discoveries, and the preservation of our species, make the pursuit of space colonization a compelling and worthwhile endeavor.