Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-57

The Japanese Tea Ceremony, or Chanoyu, is more than just a social gathering; it is a meticulously choreographed ritual steeped in Zen philosophy. (18) __________ the ceremony evolved into a transformative practice emphasizing mindfulness, harmony, and aesthetic appreciation. (19) __________, contributes to a serene and contemplative atmosphere.

One of the central tenets of Chanoyu is the concept of wabi-sabi, finding beauty in imperfection and impermanence. The rustic, often asymmetrical tea bowls used in the ceremony exemplify this aesthetic. (20) __________ such as a slight crack or uneven glaze, is embraced as a mark of individuality and the passage of time. Similarly, the fleeting nature of the gathering itself, lasting only a few hours, underscores the ephemeral beauty that lies at the heart of Zen Buddhism.

The ceremony's ritualized movements, (21) __________ are designed to focus the mind and cultivate a sense of presence. Each action, from the purifying of the utensils to the whisking of the matcha, is imbued with symbolic meaning and performed with utmost care. This mindful engagement with each step encourages participants to shed their worldly concerns and find stillness in the present moment.

(22) __________, the Japanese Tea Ceremony provides a unique pathway to experiencing Zen principles in daily life. It serves as a poignant reminder to slow down, appreciate the transient beauty of the world around us, and find peace within ourselves.

Literacy, the ability to read and write, is fundamental to global development. It empowers individuals to access education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. The UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates that 773 million adults worldwide lack basic literacy skills, hindering their ability to fully participate in society and contribute to economic growth. For example, studies have shown a direct correlation between literacy rates and a country's gross domestic product (GDP).

Access to quality education is crucial for developing literacy skills. However, in many developing countries, access to education, particularly for girls and marginalized communities, remains limited. This perpetuates a cycle of poverty and inequality, as children who lack basic literacy skills are more likely to drop out of school and face limited employment prospects. Investing in inclusive and equitable education systems is therefore essential for fostering literacy and driving sustainable development.

Furthermore, literacy plays a vital role in promoting health and well-being. Individuals with higher literacy levels are better equipped to understand and follow health information, leading to improved disease prevention and management. For instance, studies have shown that literate mothers are more likely to seek prenatal care and vaccinate their children, resulting in lower infant mortality rates. Literacy also empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their health, such as adopting healthy lifestyles and accessing appropriate healthcare services.

In an increasingly digital world, digital literacy has become essential for navigating the modern workplace, accessing information, and connecting with others. Digital literacy encompasses the skills needed to use digital technologies effectively, including computers, smartphones, and the internet. By equipping individuals with these skills, countries can bridge the digital divide and create a more inclusive and equitable society.

[I] The science of human resilience explores the remarkable capacity of individuals to bounce back from adversity. [II] This ability to not only survive difficult experiences like trauma, loss, or significant setbacks but to actually thrive and grow afterwards, has become a key focus of research in psychology and related fields. [III] Scientists are actively delving into the factors that contribute to resilience, hoping to unlock strategies for fostering this crucial life skill. [IV]

Resilience isn't a fixed trait; it is a dynamic process that can be learned and strengthened over time. Research has identified several key protective factors that contribute to resilience. These include strong social support networks, a sense of self-efficacy or the belief in one's ability to cope with challenges, a flexible and adaptable mindset, positive coping strategies like problem-solving and seeking help, and the ability to find meaning and purpose in difficult experiences. Understanding these factors allows for targeted interventions aimed at bolstering resilience in individuals and communities.

Furthermore, the study of resilience reveals the importance of post-traumatic growth. This concept, initially seemingly paradoxical, suggests that individuals can not only recover from trauma but can actually experience positive psychological changes as a result. These changes might include a greater appreciation for life, strengthened relationships, a renewed sense of purpose, and increased personal strength. While acknowledging the suffering and pain associated with trauma, the possibility of post-traumatic growth offers a hopeful perspective on the human capacity for healing and transformation.

While much of the research focuses on individual resilience, the concept also applies to communities and even entire societies. The ability of a community to rebound from natural disasters, economic hardship, or social upheaval reflects its collective resilience. This collective capacity depends on factors such as social cohesion, effective leadership, access to resources, and a shared sense of purpose. By understanding the science of resilience at both the individual and collective levels, we can work towards building more resilient individuals, families, communities, and societies better equipped to navigate the inevitable challenges of life.