Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-45

Aging, a natural and inevitable part of life, doesn't have to be synonymous with decline. (18) __________ is entirely achievable with a proactive approach to health and well-being. (19) __________. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, the global average life expectancy has risen by over 20 years since 1950. This means more individuals than ever before are living longer, making healthy aging a topic of paramount importance.

One of the key pillars of aging gracefully is prioritizing physical health. Regular exercise, even moderate activity like brisk walking or gardening, has been shown to have numerous benefits for older adults. These include improved cardiovascular health, stronger bones, and better cognitive function. Coupled with a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean protein, regular physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases (20) __________. It's also important to remember that staying hydrated is crucial, as our bodies' ability to conserve water diminishes with age.

Mental and emotional well-being are just as important as physical health in later years. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities like puzzles, reading, or learning a new skill can help keep the mind sharp and agile. Social interaction is also vital; staying connected with loved ones and participating in community activities combats loneliness and promotes a sense of belonging. Studies have shown that seniors with strong social networks often experience (21) __________.

Aging gracefully is a journey, not a destination. (22) __________. By adopting healthy habits and seeking support when needed, we can enjoy the later stages of life with vitality and fulfillment.

The prospect of space colonization is undeniably audacious. It involves venturing beyond our familiar planet and establishing a permanent human presence in the cosmos. This endeavor, while seemingly futuristic, is becoming increasingly conceivable with advancements in technology and our understanding of the universe. While the rewards are potentially immense, the risks associated with such an undertaking are equally significant and require careful consideration.

One of the most significant risks is the sheer cost and logistical complexity. Establishing a self-sustaining colony on another celestial body would require astronomical investments in research, development, and implementation. For instance, the International Space Station (ISS), a relatively small outpost in low Earth orbit, cost over $150 billion to build and requires billions annually to maintain. A full-fledged colony on a planet like Mars would dwarf these figures exponentially.

Furthermore, the harsh and unforgiving conditions of space pose constant threats to human life. Exposure to radiation, micrometeoroids, and extreme temperatures necessitates the development of robust and reliable life support systems. The physiological effects of prolonged space travel, such as bone density loss and muscle atrophy, also require extensive research and mitigation strategies.

Despite these challenges, the potential rewards of space colonization are equally compelling. It offers a unique opportunity to address fundamental issues facing humanity, such as resource depletion and overpopulation. Moreover, establishing a presence beyond Earth could serve as a safeguard for our species in the event of a catastrophic event on our home planet. The pursuit of space colonization, though fraught with risks, holds the promise of expanding human knowledge, pushing technological boundaries, and securing our future among the stars.

[I] The psychology of consumer behavior delves into the complex interplay of factors influencing our purchasing decisions. [II] Marketers strive to figure out why consumers choose one product over another, dissecting the emotional and rational motivations behind these choices. [III] This understanding is crucial for developing effective marketing strategies, from product design and advertising to pricing and distribution. [IV]

One key aspect of this field is the study of cognitive biases, which are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. These mental shortcuts, while often helpful in simplifying decision-making, can also lead to predictable errors in judgment. For example, the "anchoring bias" describes our tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information we receive, even if it's irrelevant. If a store initially lists a product at a high price and then offers a "discount," consumers are more likely to perceive the discounted price as a good deal, even if it's still higher than the market value.

Another important area of study is the impact of social and cultural factors on consumer behavior. Our purchasing decisions are often influenced by word-of-mouth referrals, social media trends, and cultural norms. For instance, studies have shown that consumers are more likely to buy products recommended by friends or family members, demonstrating the power of social influence. Furthermore, cultural values and beliefs shape our perceptions of different products and brands, contributing to the diverse consumer landscapes we see around the world.

Ultimately, understanding consumer psychology is about more than just selling products; it's about understanding human motivation and decision-making. This knowledge can be applied not only in marketing, but also in fields like public health, where understanding the psychology behind unhealthy behaviors can lead to more effective interventions. By continuing to explore the complexities of consumer behavior, we can gain valuable insights into what drives our choices and how to create a more informed and empowered marketplace.