Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-35

Iceland, a land forged by fire and ice, boasts a landscape teeming with geological wonders. Towering glaciers, (18) __________, dominate the highlands, their icy tongues reaching down into fertile valleys. Vatnajökull, the largest of these icy giants, covers over 8% of Iceland's total landmass and feeds numerous glacial rivers that snake their way towards the sea. These rivers, in turn, often plunge over dramatic cliffs, creating the awe-inspiring waterfalls that Iceland is famous for.

Volcanic activity, the other defining force shaping Iceland's landscape, is evident everywhere you look. Over 30 active volcanic systems exist across the island, a testament to its location atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, (19) __________. These volcanoes, far from being dormant threats, are a vibrant part of Icelandic life, shaping the land through eruptions and providing geothermal energy (20) __________.

(21) __________. Known as the "Gateway to Hell" during the Middle Ages, Hekla has erupted over 20 times since the year 874, blanketing the surrounding landscape with layers of volcanic ash. Despite its fiery nature, or perhaps because of it, Hekla, like many of Iceland's volcanoes, attracts visitors eager to witness the raw power of nature.

(22) __________, Iceland's natural wonders offer a glimpse into the powerful forces that have shaped our planet. It is a land where the boundaries between fire and ice blur, creating a landscape as dramatic as it is beautiful.

The science of climate change is complex, encompassing a wide range of disciplines from atmospheric physics to oceanography. At its core, it seeks to understand how the Earth's climate system functions, how human activities are altering it, and what the consequences of these alterations might be. To achieve this, scientists collect and analyze data from a vast array of sources, including ice cores, tree rings, satellites, and weather stations, constructing a comprehensive picture of Earth's climate history and its current trajectory.

One of the most significant discoveries of climate science is the role of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, in regulating Earth's temperature. These gases trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space and keeping our planet habitable. However, human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have dramatically increased the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, enhancing this natural greenhouse effect.

The consequences of this enhanced greenhouse effect are already being felt around the globe. Average global temperatures have risen by approximately 1 degree Celsius since the late 19th century, with the majority of this warming occurring in recent decades. This warming trend is driving a cascade of changes in the Earth's climate system, from melting glaciers and rising sea levels to more frequent and intense heatwaves, droughts, and extreme precipitation events.

Understanding the science of climate change is essential for informing policy decisions and developing effective strategies for mitigating its impacts. By studying past and present climate patterns, scientists can project future changes, providing crucial insights for policymakers, urban planners, and individuals seeking to adapt to a rapidly changing world. This knowledge empowers us to make informed choices about energy consumption, infrastructure development, and conservation efforts, paving the way for a more sustainable future.

Libraries have long served as repositories of knowledge, offering access to books, periodicals, and other resources. [I] However, the rise of the digital age has led some to question their continued relevance. [II] Rather than becoming obsolete, libraries have successfully adapted and evolved, branching out to meet the changing needs of their communities. [III] This transformation has allowed libraries to remain vital community hubs, bridging the digital divide and fostering lifelong learning in a rapidly changing world. [IV]

The shift towards digital resources has allowed libraries to expand their reach and offer services to a wider audience. For instance, e-books and online databases can be accessed remotely, eliminating geographical barriers and making information available to those who might otherwise be unable to visit a physical library. This accessibility is particularly beneficial for individuals in rural areas, those with mobility limitations, or those with busy schedules. Moreover, digital collections often include materials that may not be readily available in print, further enriching the library's offerings and catering to diverse interests.

In addition to providing access to digital materials, libraries have taken on the crucial role of promoting digital literacy. In today's increasingly interconnected world, possessing computer-based skills is essential for navigating daily life, accessing information, and participating fully in society. Libraries offer a variety of programs and workshops designed to equip individuals with these necessary skills, from basic computer navigation to advanced coding and web development. These programs empower individuals to become confident and informed digital citizens, closing the digital divide and fostering social inclusion.

Libraries also continue to serve as important community spaces, fostering social connection and providing a sense of belonging. They offer a safe and welcoming environment where individuals can gather, learn, and interact with others. Many libraries host community events, workshops, and book clubs, creating opportunities for social interaction and intellectual stimulation. Furthermore, libraries often partner with local organizations to provide essential services, such as job search assistance, health information workshops, and English language classes, demonstrating their commitment to serving the diverse needs of their communities.