Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-25

The human body is a complex and interconnected system, and recent scientific discoveries have shed light on a fascinating link between the gut and the brain, often referred to as the “gut-brain connection.” (18) __________, impacting everything from digestion and metabolism to mood and behavior.

One key player in this connection is the vagus nerve, (19) __________. (20) __________. For example, studies have shown that alterations in gut bacteria can impact neurotransmitter production, including serotonin, a key regulator of mood and anxiety. Additionally, research suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in the development of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and autism spectrum disorder.

The gut-brain connection has significant implications for our overall well-being. Stress, (21) __________, is known to exacerbate digestive issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Conversely, maintaining a healthy gut microbiome through a balanced diet rich in fiber and fermented foods is linked to improved mood, cognitive function, and even better sleep quality.

Understanding the intricate relationship between the gut and the brain is crucial for both physical and mental health. By adopting a holistic approach (22) __________, individuals can make informed choices to support their overall well-being. This includes managing stress, consuming a gut-friendly diet, and prioritizing lifestyle factors that promote a healthy gut-brain axis.

Tariffs, taxes imposed on imported goods, are a contentious element of international trade. Governments implement tariffs for various reasons, including protecting domestic industries from foreign competition, generating revenue, and influencing the trade policies of other nations. For instance, in 2018, the United States imposed tariffs on billions of dollars worth of goods imported from China, sparking a trade war between the two economic giants. This action led to increased prices for consumers and businesses in both countries, highlighting the significant impact tariffs can have on global trade flows.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a crucial role in regulating global trade and mitigating the negative impacts of tariffs. It provides a framework for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes between member countries. The WTO advocates for reducing trade barriers, including tariffs, to promote free and fair trade. However, the effectiveness of the WTO has been questioned in recent years, with rising protectionist sentiments and trade tensions challenging the organization's ability to maintain a rules-based trading system.

Despite the efforts of organizations like the WTO, the impact of tariffs extends beyond economic considerations. They can also have social and political ramifications. For example, tariffs can lead to job losses in certain sectors as businesses struggle to compete with higher-priced imports. This can contribute to social unrest and political instability, especially in countries heavily reliant on international trade.

In conclusion, while tariffs can be a tool for governments to achieve specific economic or political objectives, their implementation often leads to complex and far-reaching consequences. Understanding the multifaceted impacts of tariffs is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and individuals alike to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of global trade.

Philanthropy, the act of giving time, money, or resources to benefit others, has played a crucial role in societal development for centuries. From ancient civilizations supporting religious institutions to medieval patrons funding the arts, the impulse to give back has been a consistent thread in human history. [I] Modern philanthropy, however, truly took off during the Industrial Revolution, with the rise of immense fortunes and a growing awareness of social inequalities. [II] Industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. [III] Rockefeller established foundations that continue to impact areas such as education, healthcare, and the arts to this day. [IV]

The impact of these early philanthropic initiatives can still be felt in the 21st century. These efforts, often focused on addressing systemic issues, provided funding for libraries, universities, and medical research, contributing significantly to societal progress. The Carnegie libraries, for example, provided access to knowledge and learning opportunities for countless individuals, promoting literacy and social mobility. Rockefeller's investments in medical research led to breakthroughs in public health, including the eradication of hookworm in the American South. This legacy demonstrates the power of strategic philanthropy to create lasting positive change.

Today, philanthropy takes many forms, from individual donations to non-profit organizations and large-scale foundation grants. The rise of online crowdfunding platforms has further democratized giving, allowing individuals to contribute to causes they care about with ease. Global giving has also become increasingly prevalent, with organizations like the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation tackling issues like poverty, disease, and access to education in developing countries. Furthermore, corporate social responsibility initiatives have become a standard practice for many businesses, demonstrating a growing awareness of the role of the private sector in contributing to the common good.

Philanthropy continues to evolve, adapting to the changing needs and challenges of our world. As we grapple with issues like climate change, social injustice, and global pandemics, the role of philanthropy in driving innovation, supporting vulnerable communities, and fostering collaboration becomes ever more critical. By understanding the history and diverse expressions of philanthropy, we can better harness its potential to create a more equitable and sustainable future for all.