Đề Tiếng Anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2025- Mã đề thi THPT-164

The global supply chain is a complex network (18) __________, facilitating the flow of goods and services across borders. (19) __________. For example, the smartphone in your pocket likely contains components manufactured in various countries, assembled elsewhere, and shipped through a sophisticated logistics network before reaching your hands.

The globalization of production and consumption has fueled the growth and complexity of supply chains. Companies now source materials and manufacture products in locations (20) __________. This specialization and division of labor across borders have led to increased efficiency and lower costs for many goods. However, this interconnectedness also makes supply chains vulnerable to disruptions, as evidenced by the recent pandemic, which caused widespread shortages and delays.

(21) __________, many products undergo several stages of processing and assembly in different parts of the world. For instance, the cocoa beans used to make your favorite chocolate bar might be grown in Ghana, processed in the Netherlands, and then shipped to Switzerland for final production. This intricate web of activities involves numerous actors, including farmers, manufacturers, shipping companies, retailers, and consumers, all playing a crucial role in bringing products to market.

(22) __________. It highlights the interdependence of nations and the importance of international cooperation in ensuring the smooth flow of goods and services. As consumers, we are all part of this intricate system, and our choices can impact the lives of people involved at every stage of the process.

Access to clean water is fundamental to human health, economic development, and environmental sustainability. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 2 billion people worldwide lack access to safely managed drinking water services, meaning they must rely on unsafe sources like contaminated wells or surface water. This lack of access has dire consequences, particularly in developing countries where waterborne illnesses are a leading cause of death among children.

The consequences of inadequate water infrastructure extend beyond health. When communities lack reliable access to clean water, it hinders economic growth. Women and children often bear the burden of water collection, spending countless hours fetching water from distant sources instead of engaging in education or income-generating activities. This limits their opportunities and perpetuates cycles of poverty. Moreover, industries that rely on water, such as agriculture and manufacturing, struggle to thrive without a consistent and safe supply.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals include a target to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all" by 2030. This recognizes the urgency of addressing the global challenge of water access and sustainability. Achieving this ambitious goal requires investments in infrastructure, better water management practices, and increased awareness about water conservation.

Thankfully, there are promising innovations emerging in the field of water purification and sanitation. Low-cost, portable water filters, for example, are providing clean drinking water to communities in remote areas. Innovative sanitation systems are treating wastewater and turning it into a valuable resource for irrigation or energy production. By embracing such solutions and working collaboratively, we can strive towards a future where everyone has access to this precious resource.

[I] Religious texts hold a significant position in numerous cultures, profoundly shaping societal values, moral codes, and legal systems. [II] These texts, ranging from the Christian Bible and the Islamic Quran to the Hindu Vedas and the Buddhist Sutras, often lay out the fundamental beliefs and practices that guide adherents' lives. [III] The impact extends beyond individual behavior, shaping art, architecture, literature, and music, reflecting the core narratives and values enshrined within these sacred writings. [IV]

These texts also serve as historical records, albeit often intertwined with mythology and spiritual interpretation. They provide insights into the worldview, social structures, and historical context of the communities that produced them. The Epic of Gilgamesh, for example, offers a glimpse into ancient Mesopotamian society, while the Rigveda illuminates the early Indo-Aryan culture. Studying these texts allows scholars to understand not only the religious beliefs of past civilizations but also their customs, political systems, and interactions with the environment.

Religious texts often act as a double-edged sword, inspiring both acts of great compassion and periods of intense conflict. While many find solace and moral guidance within their sacred scriptures, interpretations of these texts have also been used to justify violence, discrimination, and oppression. The Crusades, for instance, were partly fueled by religious fervor based on interpretations of biblical texts. Conversely, figures like Mahatma Gandhi drew inspiration from religious texts to advocate for non-violent resistance and social justice. Understanding this duality is crucial to comprehending the complex role religion plays in shaping human history and culture.

Ultimately, the influence of religious texts on culture is undeniable and multifaceted. They serve as sources of spiritual guidance, ethical frameworks, historical narratives, and artistic inspiration. While their interpretations can be contested and their impact both positive and negative, their enduring presence underscores their profound significance in shaping human civilizations across the globe. By studying these texts and their cultural impact, we gain a deeper understanding of the forces that have shaped our world and continue to influence societies today.