Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-153

Sleep, often perceived as a passive and unproductive state, is (18) __________. (19) __________. Just as a phone needs to be recharged regularly, our bodies and minds require adequate sleep to function at their best.

The consequences of insufficient sleep are far-reaching and can significantly impact our daily lives. Studies have shown that chronic sleep deprivation can impair cognitive abilities such as attention, memory, and decision-making, leading to decreased productivity and an increased risk of errors. Furthermore, (20) __________, making us more susceptible to illnesses and infections. The long-term effects of inadequate sleep are even more concerning, with links to serious health problems such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Fortunately, there are numerous evidence-based strategies we can implement to improve our sleep quality and reap its restorative benefits. Establishing a regular sleep schedule, creating a relaxing bedtime routine, and ensuring a conducive sleep environment are crucial first steps. Limiting exposure to electronic devices before bed is also essential, as the blue light emitted from these devices can interfere with our natural sleep-wake cycle. (21) __________, although strenuous exercise close to bedtime should be avoided.

(22) __________. By making conscious efforts to improve our sleep habits, we can enhance our cognitive function, strengthen our immune systems, and reduce our risk of developing serious health problems. Embracing sleep as a vital component of a healthy lifestyle empowers us to unlock our full potential and live our lives to the fullest.

The study of social movements is dynamic. Sociologists observe how groups form, mobilize, and pursue social change. They investigate the factors that contribute to the emergence, success, or failure of these movements. For instance, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s emerged from widespread racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. Sociologists analyze the social, political, and economic conditions that fueled the movement, as well as the strategies and tactics used by activists to achieve their goals.

A key focus in this field is understanding the role of framing in mobilizing support. Framing refers to the way in which social movement leaders and participants present their grievances, goals, and tactics to the public. It involves shaping public perception and garnering sympathy for their cause. For example, the environmental movement often frames its concerns around climate change by highlighting its impact on human health, economic stability, and the future of the planet.

Another area of interest is the impact of social movements on society. Sociologists examine how movements can lead to changes in laws, policies, and social norms. The women's suffrage movement, for example, fought tirelessly for women's right to vote, ultimately leading to the ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920. By studying such historical and contemporary examples, sociologists gain insights into the transformative power of collective action.

The sociology of social movements remains a relevant field of study, as new movements emerge and existing ones evolve in response to changing societal conditions. Whether it's the Black Lives Matter movement, LGBTQ+ rights activism, or the fight for climate justice, understanding the dynamics of social movements is crucial for comprehending the forces shaping our world.

Social enterprises are playing an increasingly vital role in addressing global health challenges, often finding innovative solutions where traditional systems fall short of providing adequate care. [I] This hybrid model allows them to tackle complex health issues in resource-constrained settings, reaching vulnerable populations and fostering community ownership of health initiatives. [II] For example, some social enterprises are developing low-cost diagnostic tools for diseases like tuberculosis and malaria, enabling earlier detection and treatment in underserved communities. [III] Others are establishing community-based health insurance schemes, making healthcare more accessible and affordable for low-income families. [IV]

These initiatives often focus on preventative care and health education, empowering individuals and communities to take control of their own well-being. This proactive approach can lead to more sustainable improvements in health outcomes compared to solely focusing on treatment. For example, a social enterprise in Bangladesh trains local women as community health workers, providing them with the skills and resources to educate their neighbors about maternal and child health, nutrition, and hygiene practices. This localized approach not only improves health knowledge but also creates employment opportunities and empowers women within their communities.

The impact of these community-based interventions extends beyond immediate health benefits. By addressing social determinants of health, such as access to clean water, sanitation, and education, social enterprises contribute to broader societal development. For example, a social enterprise in Kenya provides water purification systems to rural communities, reducing the incidence of waterborne diseases and freeing up time previously spent collecting water, particularly for women and girls. This time can then be used for education, income-generating activities, or other pursuits that contribute to individual and community well-being.

Social enterprises represent a powerful force for positive change in global health. Their innovative business models, coupled with a deep commitment to social impact, enable them to address systemic challenges and reach underserved populations. By fostering community participation and focusing on sustainable solutions, these organizations are contributing to a healthier and more equitable future for all.