Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-145

Whales, (18) __________ capture our imaginations with their size, intelligence, and grace. (19) __________, diverging from them millions of years ago. This evolutionary journey led to their adaptation to aquatic life, complete with streamlined bodies, powerful tails, and the ability to hold their breath for extended periods.

The sheer scale of whales is astounding. The blue whale, for instance, holds the title of the largest animal on Earth, (20) __________. To put that into perspective, a blue whale's tongue alone weighs as much as an elephant! Conversely, the dwarf sperm whale, the smallest whale species, measures a comparatively diminutive 8 feet (2.5 meters).

Despite their immense size, many whale species are filter feeders, relying on baleen plates in their mouths to sieve out tiny organisms like krill and plankton from the water. These plates, (21) __________, act as giant combs, trapping vast quantities of food to sustain their enormous bodies.

(22) __________. These vocalizations, particularly those of humpback whales, are believed to play a role in mating, navigation, and social bonding. Unfortunately, many whale populations face threats from human activities such as habitat degradation, entanglement in fishing gear, and noise pollution, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts to protect these magnificent creatures of the deep.

International law and global relations are deeply intertwined, shaping the complex network of interactions between states and other international actors. Interdependent, this relationship underscores how international law provides a framework for managing global affairs, while simultaneously being influenced by the shifting dynamics of international politics.

One key aspect of international law is its focus on regulating state behavior. It encompasses a wide range of issues, including diplomacy, trade, human rights, and the use of force. Treaties, often referred to as international agreements, play a crucial role in this regard, establishing legally binding rules for states that choose to ratify them. For example, the Geneva Conventions, established in the aftermath of World War II, set international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war, aiming to protect individuals not participating in hostilities.

However, the effectiveness of international law is often debated. Unlike domestic legal systems, which typically possess centralized enforcement mechanisms, international law relies on a decentralized system where states are both the subjects and the enforcers of the law. This can lead to challenges in ensuring compliance, as seen in instances where states violate international norms or withdraw from treaties without facing significant consequences.

Despite these limitations, the role of international law in shaping global relations remains significant. It provides a common language and framework for diplomacy, conflict resolution, and cooperation on shared challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and transnational crime. As globalization continues to connect the world in unprecedented ways, the importance of international law in navigating the complexities of the 21st century is only likely to grow.

International organizations play a crucial role in maintaining and fostering global peace. [I] They work to bring about peaceful resolutions to conflicts, promote cooperation among nations, and address the root causes of instability. [II] They also contribute to peacebuilding efforts through initiatives like peacekeeping operations, humanitarian aid, and development programs. [III] The UN, for example, has deployed peacekeeping forces to numerous conflict zones around the world, helping to prevent further violence and create conditions for lasting peace. [IV]

The success of these peacekeeping missions, however, often relies on the cooperation of member states. These states provide personnel, funding, and logistical support, enabling the organizations to carry out their mandates effectively. The UN's peacekeeping budget, for instance, is funded by contributions from member states, with the five permanent members of the Security Council bearing the largest share. International organizations also rely on the political will of states to implement peace agreements and uphold international law. Without the active participation and support of member states, these organizations face significant challenges in achieving their peace-related objectives.

One of the most significant contributions of international organizations is their work in promoting long-term peacebuilding. This involves addressing the underlying causes of conflict, such as poverty, inequality, and political exclusion. Organizations like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries, supporting economic growth and poverty reduction. Other organizations, like UNESCO, promote education and intercultural understanding, fostering tolerance and respect for diversity. By addressing these root causes, international organizations help to create more stable and peaceful societies.

In conclusion, international organizations are indispensable actors in the pursuit of global peace. They facilitate dialogue, mediate conflicts, deploy peacekeeping forces, provide humanitarian assistance, and promote long-term peacebuilding. While their effectiveness depends on the cooperation and support of member states, these organizations provide essential frameworks and mechanisms for building a more peaceful and secure world. They offer a crucial platform for collective action, reminding us that global peace is a shared responsibility that requires collaborative effort.