Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-14

Neuralink is a neurotechnology company founded by Elon Musk with the ambitious goal of developing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). (18) __________, (19) __________. This technology has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including healthcare, communication, and human augmentation.

At the core of Neuralink's technology are tiny, flexible threads (20) __________. These threads contain electrodes capable of detecting and stimulating electrical signals from neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system. By interpreting these signals, Neuralink's system aims to decode brain activity and translate it into commands for external devices, or vice versa. Imagine a world where individuals with paralysis can control prosthetic limbs with the power of thought, or where information can be uploaded directly to the brain, similar to the concept of a "matrix download".

While still in its early stages, Neuralink has demonstrated promising results in animal trials. In 2020, the company showcased a pig (21) __________. This demonstration highlighted the potential of this technology for medical applications, such as assisting patients with neurological disorders or restoring lost sensory functions.

(22) __________. The long-term effects of implanting foreign objects into the brain are still unknown, and the potential for misuse or unintended consequences warrants careful consideration. As with any groundbreaking technology, it is crucial to proceed with caution and ensure that ethical considerations are at the forefront of development and deployment.

Post-colonial Africa has been marked by a tumultuous journey of development. After gaining independence from colonial powers, many nations faced the daunting task of rebuilding their economies and political systems, often ravaged by exploitation and inequality. Civil wars, coups, and ethnic tensions, fueled by arbitrary colonial borders and pre-existing societal divisions, hampered progress. The Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, endured decades of conflict following its independence from Belgium in 1960, with its vast mineral wealth becoming a source of conflict rather than prosperity.

However, amidst these challenges, there have been glimmers of hope and resilience. The establishment of regional organizations like the African Union fostered cooperation and a pan-African identity. These organizations have played a crucial role in mediating conflicts, promoting democracy, and advocating for debt relief on the international stage. Furthermore, many nations have made strides in improving healthcare and education, leading to increased life expectancies and literacy rates, particularly amongst younger generations.

At the turn of the 21st century, the continent experienced a surge in economic growth. This growth was fueled by rising commodity prices, increased foreign investment, and the expansion of the telecommunications sector. Countries like Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Ghana have experienced impressive economic expansion, demonstrating the potential for sustainable development. This growth has spurred urbanization and a burgeoning middle class, eager to participate in the global marketplace.

Despite these positive developments, challenges remain. Achieving equitable and inclusive growth, addressing high levels of poverty and unemployment, and combating the effects of climate change are pressing concerns. Further investment in infrastructure, education, and good governance is crucial for unlocking Africa's vast potential and ensuring a prosperous future for its people.

Understanding and combating racism requires acknowledging its pervasive and insidious nature. [I] Racism isn't simply individual prejudice; it's a system of prejudice and discrimination that is woven into the fabric of social institutions, impacting access to resources, opportunities, and justice. [II] From housing and employment to healthcare and education, racist policies and practices create and perpetuate disparities between racial groups. [III] These disparities are not accidental; they are the result of historical and ongoing systemic racism. [IV]

These systemic inequalities are often fueled by implicit biases - unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions. These biases can influence hiring practices, loan applications, and even interactions with law enforcement, often to the detriment of marginalized racial groups. Recognizing and addressing these unconscious biases is crucial to dismantling systemic racism. This involves actively challenging our own preconceived notions and promoting inclusive practices in all aspects of society.

Combating racism necessitates a multi-faceted approach. Education plays a vital role in raising awareness about the history and ongoing impact of racism. This includes teaching accurate and comprehensive accounts of historical events, as well as exploring the ways in which racism manifests in contemporary society. Furthermore, promoting cross-cultural understanding and empathy can help to break down stereotypes and foster more inclusive communities.

Beyond education, policy changes are essential to dismantling systemic racism. This involves addressing discriminatory practices in areas such as housing, employment, and criminal justice. Affirmative action policies, designed to address historical and ongoing discrimination, can play a role in leveling the playing field. Additionally, fostering diverse representation in leadership positions across all sectors is crucial to ensuring equitable policies and practices. Ultimately, combating racism requires a sustained and collective effort to dismantle systemic barriers and create a truly just and equitable society.