Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-139

(18) __________. While flatbreads with toppings existed in ancient civilizations, it was in 18th century Naples that pizza, as we know it, began to take shape. Neapolitan street vendors sold simple flatbreads topped with affordable ingredients like tomatoes, cheese, and herbs, catering to the city's working class. This humble street food quickly gained popularity, becoming a staple for both the rich and poor.

The pivotal moment in pizza's history came in 1889 when (19) __________. (20) __________. Esposito presented her with three pizzas, one of which featured mozzarella, basil, and tomatoes, representing the colors of the Italian flag. The Queen adored this variation, and it was christened "Pizza Margherita" in her honor.

With royal approval and widespread appeal, pizza's popularity soared within Italy. Emigration played a crucial role in spreading this beloved dish beyond Italian borders. (21) __________, they carried their culinary traditions with them, introducing pizza to new cultures and palates. Adaptability proved key to pizza's global conquest; it readily embraced local ingredients and preferences, giving rise to countless regional variations.

Today, pizza stands as one of the most consumed foods worldwide, a testament to its humble beginnings and enduring appeal. From its simple origins as Neapolitan street food to its reign as a global culinary icon, (22) __________. Whether enjoyed in its classic Neapolitan form or adapted to local tastes, pizza continues to capture the hearts and stomachs of people across the globe.

The psychological impacts of war are profound, leaving lasting scars on individuals, families, and entire communities. Exposure to violence, loss, and displacement can lead to a range of mental health challenges. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by intrusive memories, nightmares, and hypervigilance, is a common consequence, affecting an estimated 11-20% of veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Additionally, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders are prevalent among those who have experienced the horrors of war.

The effects extend beyond veterans to encompass civilians caught in conflict zones. These individuals often witness atrocities, lose loved ones, and face the constant threat of violence, leading to widespread psychological trauma. For instance, a study by the World Health Organization found that one in five people living in areas affected by conflict experiences a mental health condition. Children are particularly vulnerable, with long-term consequences for their development and well-being.

The social fabric of war-torn societies is also deeply affected. Trust is eroded, communities are fragmented, and traditional support systems are often strained beyond their limits. The breakdown of social order can lead to increased violence, crime, and a sense of hopelessness. Moreover, the economic devastation caused by war exacerbates these challenges, leaving individuals and communities struggling to rebuild their lives.

Addressing the psychological wounds of war requires a multifaceted approach. Accessible and culturally sensitive mental health services are crucial, yet often lacking in conflict-affected regions. Social support programs, economic opportunities, and initiatives that promote reconciliation and peacebuilding are also essential components of a comprehensive response. By acknowledging the invisible scars of war and investing in holistic support, we can begin to heal the psychological wounds and foster resilience in the aftermath of conflict.

Science fiction, often dismissed as mere fantasy, has played a surprisingly significant role in inspiring real-world innovation. From communication devices to medical advancements, many technologies we take for granted today were first envisioned in the pages of science fiction novels. [I] The genre's ability to step outside of the confines of present-day limitations allows it to explore possibilities that spark the imagination of scientists and engineers, pushing them to turn fictional concepts into tangible realities. [II] For example, the concept of the geostationary communications satellite was first proposed by Arthur C. [III] Clarke in his 1945 article "Extra-Terrestrial Relays," predating the launch of Sputnik 1 by over a decade. [IV]

This power of imaginative foresight is not limited to communication technologies. Medical advancements, such as artificial hearts and robotic surgery, also have roots in science fiction. The idea of artificial organs keeping humans alive was explored in stories decades before the first successful artificial heart transplant in 1982. This early exploration, while fictional, helped pave the way for the acceptance and development of these life-saving technologies by familiarizing the public with the concepts and their potential benefits. By presenting these ideas in a narrative context, science fiction helps to demystify complex scientific principles and foster a sense of wonder about what the future might hold.

The influence of science fiction extends beyond specific inventions. It also fosters a forward-thinking mindset that encourages a culture of innovation. By challenging conventional assumptions about what is possible, science fiction inspires individuals to question the status quo and pursue seemingly outlandish ideas. The “tricorder” from Star Trek, a handheld scanning device capable of diagnosing medical conditions and analyzing materials, has inspired the development of real-world portable diagnostic tools. Similarly, the concept of virtual reality, popularized in numerous science fiction works, has driven significant advancements in computer graphics, sensory technology, and interactive entertainment.

In conclusion, the impact of science fiction on innovation is undeniable. By providing a platform for exploring future possibilities and sparking the imagination, science fiction has contributed to countless technological advancements and continues to shape the way we think about the future. Its ability to bridge the gap between imagination and reality makes it a powerful force for progress, pushing the boundaries of what is possible and inspiring generations of innovators to strive for a better tomorrow.