Đề ôn thi Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề THPT-126

Spanning 151 miles along Australia's southeastern coast, the (18) __________. Constructed between 1919 and 1932, (19) __________ and stands as a poignant memorial to those lost in World War I. Beyond its historical significance, the Great Ocean Road treats travelers to an array of breathtaking natural wonders.

The drive unfolds like a highlight reel of Australia's diverse landscapes. Lush rainforests teeming with unique flora and fauna give way to dramatic cliff faces that plunge into the surging ocean. Here, the relentless power of nature takes center stage as visitors witness the iconic Twelve Apostles: (20) __________. Each towering formation tells a silent story of time and tide, reminding us of the earth's enduring strength.

Beyond the geological marvels, the Great Ocean Road offers glimpses of Australia's rich biodiversity. Whales migrate through these waters, their impressive breaches visible from strategically placed lookout points. Koalas, (21) __________, charm onlookers with their sleepy demeanor. The region provides habitat for countless species of birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers hoping to catch a glimpse of vibrant plumage.

(22) __________. With its blend of history, natural beauty, and abundant wildlife, this Australian icon deserves a spot on every traveler's bucket list.

The idea of human rights, while seemingly universal today, has a complex and evolving history. Early concepts can be traced back to ancient civilizations, with the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (c. 1754 BCE) outlining laws and punishments, albeit unequally distributed among social classes. Similarly, the Cyrus Cylinder (c. 539 BCE) established by Persian King Cyrus the Great, declared the freedom of religion and abolished forced labor, demonstrating early precedents for rights and freedoms.

However, these early examples were often limited in scope and application. The Enlightenment period in Europe (17th-18th centuries) marked a turning point, with philosophers like John Locke advocating for natural rights inherent to all individuals, including the rights to life, liberty, and property. These ideas greatly influenced revolutions in America and France, leading to declarations of independence and the enshrinement of rights in nascent constitutions.

The horrors of World War II and the Holocaust served as a stark reminder of the fragility of human rights and the catastrophic consequences of their violation. This led to the formation of the United Nations in 1945, with a central aim of preventing future atrocities and promoting peace. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), a landmark document that outlines fundamental rights and freedoms for all, irrespective of race, religion, gender, or other status.

While the UDHR provided a powerful framework, its implementation remains an ongoing challenge. The struggle for civil rights, the fight against discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation, and the pursuit of economic and social justice continue to shape the discourse and evolution of human rights in the 21st century.

[I] Religion has profoundly shaped the course of world history, acting as a driving force behind significant social and political movements, artistic expression, and scientific advancements. [II] From the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt, complex religious beliefs influenced governance and burial practices. [III] These belief systems have helped to bring about moral and ethical frameworks while inspiring acts of both great compassion and devastating violence. [IV]

The spread of these religions often occurred along established trade routes, demonstrating the interconnectedness of faith and commerce. For example, the Silk Road facilitated the eastward transmission of Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia. This cultural exchange not only led to the adoption of Buddhist principles but also fostered artistic and philosophical developments in the regions it reached, highlighting how religious diffusion can act as a catalyst for broader cultural transformation.

The impact of religion is also evident in the countless architectural marvels that have been erected throughout history. From the awe-inspiring Gothic cathedrals of Europe, testaments to Christian devotion, to the intricate and beautifully-designed mosques of the Islamic world, and the serene Buddhist temples found across Asia, these structures serve not just as places of worship but as powerful symbols of faith and artistic achievement. These monuments often reflect the core values and beliefs of the religions they represent, providing valuable insights into the cultures that produced them.

Furthermore, religion has often been at the heart of conflicts and periods of social upheaval. The Crusades, a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the Middle Ages, dramatically reshaped the political landscape of the Mediterranean world. Similarly, the Reformation in Europe, sparked by Martin Luther's challenge to the authority of the Catholic Church, led to profound religious and political changes, including the rise of Protestantism and the fracturing of Christendom. Understanding these historical events requires acknowledging the complex and often contentious role religion has played in shaping human societies.